BeeZer..ok..i'll go through it all. i dont know how good/bad/ugly your theory knowlegde is..so i'll go from the basics. you start with a Major scale..the formula T T S T T T S. (T = tone (2frets)..S = Semitone (1 fret)) Lets pick Amaj..you gert this
A B C# D E F# G# A.
Now..you faltten the 3rd, 6th and 7th notes..the flat sign is this 'b'. usibng numbers..and R for Root note..this is the major scale - R " 3 4 5 6 7 R. flattening the right notes..you get this R 2 b3 4 5 b6 b7 R. Apply this to the Amaj scale and you get this
A B C D E F G A
This is the relative minor of Cmajor..because the 6th mode of any major scale is the aeolian mode..which is another name for the natural minor scale.
for the pentatonics...pent = 5 tonic = note..therefore pentatonis scale = 5 note scale. for this..you remove 2 notes. To get the minor pentatonic..you remove the 2nd and 6th notes from the minor scale. therefore you get this scale R b3 4 5 b7 R apply this to the Amin scale..you get this A C D E G A. for the minor blues scale...you add in an extra notre..this note is the flat 5th...so the formuila is R b3 4 b5 5 b7 R. apply this to the Amin scale - A C D Eb E G A. works well over dom7th chords and minor chords. you know about chord spelling theory??
hope that clears it up :)
